Promoting and equitably assisting organizations in the integration of animal-assisted therapies for the physical, mental, and emotional benefit of individuals in public and private settings, one paw at a time.
I was given two options: immediate surgery or I needed to say goodbye. The surgery wasn’t guaranteed, the risks were high, and there was no promise of a miracle. But when I looked into Judge’s eyes, I knew it wasn’t time for us to part.
You see, his eyes told me everything—full of life, determination, and an unbreakable spirit that’s always defined him. And in those eyes, I saw a Rolodex of memories and moments in which Judge never gave up on me. Not once. Through every high and low, he’s been there, my constant, my protector, my best friend. How could I possibly give up on him now?
The doctors were honest. They told me the risks, the during and post-operative possibilities. But they also told me Judge was strong with an excellent heart—minus a bum spleen, Judge was a relatively healthy German Shepherd. It was all I needed to hear.
But making that choice was a privilege.
Emergency surgery isn’t just a matter of love and loyalty—it’s a matter of resources. It requires financial stability, access to specialized care, and the ability to take time away from life’s other responsibilities to be fully present for recovery. Not everyone has that choice. For many, the cost of life-saving surgery for a pet is simply out of reach. For others, the lack of nearby medical facilities or the inability to take time off work becomes the deciding factor.
When I stood at that crossroads, I was painfully aware of this privilege. I had a support system that rallied around me, offering love, prayers, and help with life’s other demands. I had access to my own veterinarian, the Veterinary Emergency Group, and Cornell’s exceptional veterinary team which carried out the life saving surgery. Without any one of those things, the outcome could have been heartbreakingly different.
This awareness weighed heavily on me because I know so many people face the same gut-wrenching decision without the resources to choose hope. I was able to fight for Judge because I had the privilege to do so. But others have to make the hardest choice of all—not because they don’t love their pets just as fiercely, but because life’s realities leave them no other option.
Judge isn’t just a dog. He’s my family, my guardian, my heart. He’s watched over my son, protected our home, and shown me a love so pure it’s changed me for the better. He is the reason why I started my entire dissertation over and focused on the adolescent-animal bond in secondary settings. In Judge, I saw the power of connection, the depth of loyalty, and the healing power that only a dog’s love can bring. His impact on my life was profound enough to shape my career, my research, and my purpose.
Today, the doctors are hopeful. Even with three liters of blood in his abdomen, the surgery was clean, a successful splenectomy, and Judge is home healing. He’s eating like the picky king of the castle that he is, back to reigning over his Mötley crew, his spirit as unbreakable as ever. Watching Judge return to himself, sneaking back to his spot on the couch, seeing that familiar spark in his eyes cataloging another memory together—it’s nothing short of a miracle.
Judge’s road to recovery won’t be easy, but he’s here, alive, because he never gave up and because I had the privilege to fight for him—just as he’s always fought for me. But for those who aren’t given that choice, my heart aches.
I will never take for granted the opportunity I had to fight for Judge and will advocate for solutions to ensure all pet parents can make balanced choices for the well-being of their furry family member—without having to choose between love and necessity. It’s my hope that one day, every pet parent will have the freedom to choose what’s best for their pet, without limitations.
I want to sincerely thank the veterinary teams at White Plains Animal Hospital, Veterinary Emergency Group of White Plains, and Cornell University Veterinary Specialists of Stamford. Your expertise, compassion, and dedication have meant everything to our family and Judge. You’ve given us more than just a second chance—you’ve given us hope. I am forever grateful for all you’ve done to give us back our Judgie Boy.
Many educators and school leaders recognize the benefits of therapy dogs in academic settings but hesitate to implement a full-scale program due to knowledge gaps, logistical challenges, financial constraints, or policy concerns. A Therapy Dog Club offers a structured, low-risk way to introduce animal-assisted therapies, easing leadership apprehensions. In fact, I strongly recommend beginning the therapy dog implementation process in this way to build trust in the program’s effectiveness while addressing concerns in a controlled environment.
So let’s dive in together as I define the concept of a Therapy Dog Club, outline its benefits, and provide a brief guide to getting started.
What is a Therapy Dog Club?
As I define it, a Therapy Dog Club is a student-led, faculty-advised group that brings trained therapy dogs into a school environment on a scheduled basis. The club provides a structured, low-risk way for students and staff to interact with therapy dogs, typically for emotional support, stress relief, and social engagement. It allows students to experience the benefits of animal-assisted interventions without the immediate need for implementing a full-time therapy dog program.
Participation is voluntary, making it an accessible option for a wide range of students. In my view, a Therapy Dog Club operates on a smaller, flexible scale, bringing therapy dogs into the school on specific days rather than having a resident dog on campus daily. Additionally, a Therapy Dog Club may meet after school or during designated extracurricular periods, which can be particularly appealing to school and district leaders.
Benefits of a Therapy Dog Club
Eases Administrative Concerns
Even with strong research supporting the benefits of therapy dogs, one of the biggest barriers to implementation is navigating perceptions, assumptions, and stereotypes. A club helps schools challenge misconceptions and test the waters before committing to a full-time therapy dog program. It also offers:
• Student Autonomy – Participation is voluntary, so students who are uncomfortable around dogs or have allergies can simply opt out. This eliminates concerns about mandatory exposure in classrooms or common areas.
• Waivers for Participants – Schools can require students (and guardians, if necessary) to sign waivers acknowledging participation and understanding any risks. This adds a layer of protection for the school and provides transparency for families.
• Gradual Implementation – Schools can observe how students and staff interact with therapy dogs before considering a larger-scale program. This allows time to refine policies, address concerns, and build community support.
Provides Emotional and Social Benefits for Students
A Therapy Dog Club offers many of the same emotional and mental health benefits as a full program. Interacting with therapy dogs has been shown to reduce stress, improve mood, and boost social interactions—all of which can be particularly helpful for students struggling with anxiety, academic pressure, or social isolation (Maricevic, 2022).
Fosters Student Leadership and Engagement
A Therapy Dog Club empowers students to take on leadership roles by organizing events, coordinating with therapy dog teams, and advocating for expanding the club into a full program. Giving students ownership fosters responsibility, teamwork, and community engagement.
Strengthens Community Partnerships
Starting a club opens the door to collaborations with local therapy dog organizations, shelters, or animal-assisted therapy programs. Schools can invite certified therapy dogs for visits, partner with community groups for educational sessions, or create service-learning opportunities where students volunteer with therapy animals.
Gathers Data to Support a Future Program
If a school is hesitant about implementing a therapy dog program, a club can serve as a pilot initiative to collect data on the impact of animal-assisted therapies. Surveys, testimonials, and anecdotal evidence from students, teachers, parents, and other key stakeholders can provide compelling reasons to expand the club into a permanent program.
How to Start a Therapy Dog Club
Identify a Faculty Advisor – A teacher, counselor, or staff member passionate about student well-being and animal therapy can oversee the club.
Partner with Local Therapy Dog Organizations – Certified therapy dog teams can schedule regular visits to meet with students.
Plan Activities – Meetings can include guest speakers, stress-relief sessions, volunteer opportunities, and advocacy efforts for therapy dog programs.
Involve Students – Let students lead initiatives, create outreach materials, and develop events.
Implement Waivers – Have students (and their guardians, if needed) sign participation waivers to ensure transparency and address liability concerns.
Final Thoughts
A Therapy Dog Club is a low-risk, high-reward way for schools to explore the benefits of therapy dogs before committing to a full program. It fosters a positive school culture, supports student mental health, and builds a foundation for a larger initiative in the future.
If your school is on the fence about a therapy dog program, starting with an extracurricular offering might be the perfect first step. By starting small and scaling thoughtfully, schools can introduce therapy dogs in a way that minimizes risks, maximizes benefits, and paves the way for a sustainable, well-integrated program.
Just the other day, I received a message from an educator in a current leadership position. In the message, the school leader expressed frustration and confusion over the abrupt discontinuation of a beloved therapy dog program at their school. This decision, a result from a change in district regulations, now prohibits employees from bringing therapy dogs into the school, and many in the learning community are disheartened. It is the educator’s belief that the therapy dog program was a vital source of comfort and emotional support, fostered positive connections and contributed to a supportive school culture for the faculty, staff and student body as a whole.
Which is why I was then brought to wonder about the original policy language prior to the regulatory change for the 2024-2025 school year and why such a change would occur: What explicit language existed in district’ policy regarding therapy dogs before this decision? Was there any formal language at all? Could it be that the therapy dog program was running under an unspoken understanding rather than an official framework?
Policy isn’t necessarily a “bad thing,” for without formal guidelines, such programs can easily grow unchecked, potentially leading to conflicts—especially if there was an increase in the number of dogs coming to school, concerns about certification, or misunderstandings about what constitutes a legitimate therapy dog. The absence of a clear policy on therapy dogs may have allowed the program to grow naturally. However, this lack of structure could have led to unforeseen issues, ultimately contributing to the decision to end the program.
Having said that, while the regulatory change in the educator’s school poses a significant challenge, it doesn’t have to mean the end of the therapy dog program altogether. In the absence of a clear explanation, it’s essential to propose thoughtful solutions to address the concerns of stakeholders while advocating for the reinstatement of the therapy dog program. Below, I outline several considerations for the educator—and others impacted by similar policy shifts—to navigate the current situation with the hopes of reinstating a revised therapy dog program to meet the needs of all stakeholders.
The Role of Unspoken Understandings
When therapy dog programs aren’t codified into official district policy, they may rely on informal arrangements or personal agreements (Maricevic, 2022). In some cases, administrators may allow other school leaders, teachers or staff to bring certified therapy dogs without objection, trusting the intentions of the program (Maricevic, 2022). But without written guidelines, inconsistencies and confusion can arise, which may have contributed to the recent decision to prohibit therapy dogs altogether for the school leader.
Now, if there were concerns about the number of dogs on campus, questions about certifications, or uncertainty around how to manage liability, any one of these issues—or all of them—could have prompted the district to take a blanket approach and halt the program. In either scenario, the issue comes back to the need for clear policy to ensure the viability of any programmatic addition, with the goal of sustaining a long-term impact on the learning community—especially if that program includes therapy dogs (Maricevic, 2022).
Schools with transparent policies, can foster a supportive environment where therapy dogs, or any programmatic enhancements to the wellness and learning of students, can thrive as valuable resources, ensuring that their benefits are accessible to all students and staff while minimizing potential conflicts or concerns. Without clear, formal guidelines, programs can become vulnerable to misunderstandings and inconsistencies that ultimately jeopardize their effectiveness and long term sustainability within the organization (Maricevic, 2022).
Establishing a comprehensive policy framework would not only provide a solid foundation for the program but also clarify roles, responsibilities, and expectations for all parties involved (Maricevic, 2022). Ultimately, a well-defined policy will help safeguard the educator’s therapy dog program’s integrity and reinforce its positive impact on the school community (Maricevic, 2022).
Certification Confusion: Therapy Dogs vs. Emotional Support Dogs
Another layer of complexity is the widespread misunderstanding between therapy dogs and emotional support animals (ESAs), particularly when it comes to certification. This confusion can create legal and logistical issues, making it difficult to establish a program that complies with district policies.
First and foremost, it’s important to clarify that there is no formal “certification” for emotional support dogs. ESAs are animals that provide comfort and emotional support to individuals with mental health challenges, but they are not trained to perform specific tasks like service dogs. There’s no official certification for ESAs, and they do not have the same legal rights as service animals.
Unfortunately, not all organizations that claim to certify therapy dogs are legitimate. Some companies exploit loopholes, offering quick and easy certifications bypassing the necessary training or certification assessment. Such unethical practices can undermine the credibility of therapy dog programs and cause confusion in school districts trying to maintain appropriate standards.
In the case of this educator’s dilemma, if the district encountered concerns about the legitimacy of the certifications held by therapy dogs on campus,such a concern could have triggered the decision to halt the existing therapy dog program. Without clear guidelines or a trusted certification process in place, district leadership may have felt the risks—whether related to liability, safety, or standards—outweighed the benefits. To ensure the program’s legitimacy and effectiveness, schools must establish clear guidelines that require certification only from trusted, reputable organizations, like those presented above (Maricevic, 2022).
Moving Forward: Addressing Policy Gaps and Certification Concerns
To advocate for the reinstatement of the therapy dog program, the educator must first address these potential gaps. Maybe start a conversation with key stakeholders, follow the dialogue with a collaborative review of the district’s policy language (or lack thereof) and discuss additional language to formalize clear guidelines around the use of therapy dogs in schools. Here’s how this educator can approach the current situation:
Review the Old Policy (or Unspoken Understanding): If the program previously operated without formal policy, it’s time to work with district leadership to establish clear guidelines. This would ensure that any future therapy dog program operates within a well-defined framework, preventing misunderstandings or unchecked growth (Maricevic, 2022).
Ensure Proper Certification: Address concerns about certifications by only working with well-established, reputable organizations that train and certify therapy dogs according to recognized standards (Maricevic, 2022). Research and recommend organizations that adhere to the highest levels of training, evaluation, and insurance, helping the district feel more confident in the legitimacy of the program (Maricevic, 2022).
Clarify the Difference Between Therapy Dogs and ESAs: Educate both staff and district leadership on the key distinctions between therapy dogs and emotional support animals. Emphasize that while ESAs provide comfort, they are not part of structured therapy programs, nor do they have certification or training requirements. Therapy dogs, on the other hand, must undergo rigorous training and certification to operate in school settings (Maricevic, 2022).
Propose a Pilot Program with Clear Oversight: If the primary concerns are related to certification and management, propose reinstating the program as a small pilot with stringent guidelines. Start by bringing in one or two certified therapy dogs through reputable organizations during designated times throughout the school year (i.e. Wellness Day, midterms, finals, etc) with clear oversight and documentation. This approach may help ease district concerns while demonstrating the value of the therapy dog in the high school setting.
Bridge the Gap Between Intention and Implementation
The abrupt end of this educator’s therapy dog program highlights the importance of having clear, well-structured policies in place for any school or district initiative’s longterm sustainability. Without them, even well-intentioned programs can become vulnerable to mismanagement, confusion, and abrupt decisions like the one that occurred in this example. By examining the district’s language around therapy dogs, clearing up misunderstandings around certification, and other inconsistencies within the established protocol, this educator, and others who might find themselves in a similar scenario, can build a stronger case for reinstating the program in a way that benefits everyone—students, staff, and dogs alike.
Dr. Jessica Maricevic’s 5 Key Advantages of Including Therapy Dogs to Your Professional Sports Organization
In the high-stakes world of professional sports, the physical prowess of athletes often takes center stage, leaving their mental well-being in the shadows. As teams strive for excellence, it’s crucial to recognize the holistic needs of their players.
One innovative approach worth exploring is the inclusion of therapy dogs to support the mental wellness of athletes and foster a healthier organizational environment. Below is an overview of my research-based advantages of including therapy dogs to your professional sports organization (Maricevic, 2022):
1. Stress Reduction and Anxiety Management: Professional athletes face immense pressure, both on and off the field. Introducing therapy dogs to the team dynamic can provide a natural and effective means of stress reduction. Numerous studies have shown that interacting with dogs can lower cortisol levels and release oxytocin, promoting a sense of calm and reducing anxiety. In high-stakes situations, a therapy dog could be a game-changer in helping athletes manage stress.
2. Team Cohesion and Communication: A therapy dog can serve as a unifying force within the team, fostering camaraderie and open communication. The presence of a non-judgmental companion can break down barriers, encouraging athletes to connect with each other on a more personal level. Improved team dynamics can translate into better on-field collaboration and synergy.
3. Mental Resilience and Performance Optimization: Success in professional sports often hinges on mental resilience. Therapy dogs can aid in developing this resilience by providing unconditional support during challenging times. Athletes may find comfort and motivation in the consistent presence of a loyal companion, enhancing their mental fortitude and ultimately contributing to better performance outcomes.
4. Enhancing the Team Environment: A therapy dog isn’t just beneficial for individual athletes; it can positively impact the entire team environment. A relaxed and supportive atmosphere can contribute to increased job satisfaction, lower burnout rates, and a more positive organizational culture. Teams that prioritize mental wellness are likely to attract top-tier talent and retain experienced athletes.
5. Community Engagement and Brand Image: Beyond the team’s internal dynamics, incorporating a therapy dog can bolster community engagement and enhance the organization’s public image. Athletes participating in community events alongside therapy dogs can create a positive and relatable image, fostering a deeper connection between the team and its fan base.
While there is no guarantee that the inclusion of a therapy dog will bring the championship at the end of the season, the mere presence of the therapy dog in your professional sports organization represents a progressive step toward prioritizing the mental wellness of athletes and creating a healthier team environment. By recognizing the symbiotic relationship between mental and physical well-being, teams can position themselves at the forefront of athlete care, ultimately contributing to sustained success on and off the field.
In honor of Black History Month, each week, I will delve into the heartwarming bond between Black voices and their cherished canine companions. This week, I honor the trailblazing Pauli Murray – a civil rights activist, legal scholar, and champion for equality.
Along with Pauli’s immense contributions to life as we know it today, Pauli was a steadfast dog lover and it is Pauli’s enduring love for dogs that is beautifully captured in this moment. Pictured here you will find an image of Pauli and cherished companion, “Doc” – officially known as “Black and White We Rise Together,” on the lawn of Benedict College (Farber Archives, 1967).
Throughout Pauli’s remarkable life, dogs transcended the role of mere pets; they were steadfast allies, bearing witness to Pauli’s tireless advocacy for justice, equality, and ideals.
Accompanying their groundbreaking contributions, Pauli’s connection with their canine companions is a testament to the enduring strength found in companionship and the human-animal bond. “Doc” stands as one of the many loyal dogs integral to Pauli’s story, quite possibly offering solace, understanding, and unconditional love.
I am inspired by the thought of Pauli Murray making these profound contributions, accomplishing monumental feats all the while having a loyal canine companion equally steadfast by their side—a symbol of companionship, unwavering support, and a unique kind of partnership, but the most true form of love.
Imagine the comfort of having a faithful friend, witnessing tireless advocacy, celebrating triumphs, and offering solace during challenges. This bond may very well have evoked feelings of determination, resilience, and reaffirmed Pauli’s commitment to making a difference.
Pauli and “Doc,” a testament to the extraordinary impact that the companionship of a beloved dog can have on one’s life, the role they play in the narrative of accomplishments, and the inspiration to continue on my own advocacy journey, with gratitude and love for the pack that remains by my side.
Please consider a visit to my Instagram to view posts honoring the incomparable Black voices of Billie Holiday and Oprah, and their respective love of dogs.
For those of you new to @empathicpaws, I am Dr. Jessica Maricevic, humane-ed reform and animal-assisted therapies advocate, and I am so very glad you’re here.
My most recent original graphic design is inspired by the words of comedian and humane advocate, Ricky Gervais. Let’s further the conversation around the interconnectedness of the human-animal relationship and social-emotional competency development and use Mr. Gervais’s words as a springboard.
The human-animal bond serves as a positive influence upon one’s social-emotional competency development, the sustainability of SECs and subsequent evolution of these traits throughout a person’s lifetime. And with that in mind, more consideration is needed within learning organizations on ways to infuse the human-animal relationship to further the radius of influence upon the social capital within the organization.
Allow Mr. Gervais’s words along with my original visual creation to serve as a conversation starter around the human-animal bond and the need to increase opportunities for such bonding in the high school setting.
Even though you might think otherwise, an outing with your doggo is never just a walk. Found moments for cognitive stimulation, whether one-on-one with a doggo, like here with Judgie Boy or the entire pack, requires just as much from me, the human, as it does for my doggo(s). It also allows me to stay current with my doggo’s communicative ways and presents opportunities for creative ingenuity to keep the fun fresh (yes, even when revisiting cognitive challenges for practice, that’s fresh-fun too)!
Our human-animal bond is strengthened by infusing opportunities for cognitive stimulation when on any venture together. And it’s this active-time spent together that invigorates the body, mind & emotions; allows for new perspectives to the world on a micro & macro level; cultivates empathy… it’s never just a walk.
So give it a try! Spice up the active-time with your doggo. Start small. Make it manageable. Enhance the good stuff you’re already doing. Consider your usual active routine & possible on-the-spot opportunities the routine itself may provide (i.e. setting), try-out an added layer of cognitive stimulation (like I’m doing here with weaving between the pillars), evaluate your doggo’s response to the activity, reassess & revise as needed.
There is one non-negotiable, no negative reinforcement! If your doggo presents a hesitant response to the added activity, respect the presentation of the doggo’s feelings with love & reassurance. Empathize with your doggo, even say “let’s try again tomorrow,” & resume the enjoyable aspects of the routine as you and your doggo have established. Build upon the fun and cognitive stimulation, love the moment, love your doggo for trying something new, & give yourself a pat on the back while you’re at it, your efforts are noticed by the one who matters, your doggo.
Don’t have a doggo but still want “in” on some of this good stuff? Here are a few ideas:
Join a friend on a walk with their doggo(s)
#Volunteer at a local animal shelter
#Foster! Give some one-on-one active time to a doggo who needs it most! The result (1) you adopt the doggo or (2) get that doggo ready for their furever family
Judge under the photograph, “Love On the Beach,” by local fine arts photographer, Peter Mendelson.
I happened to get up from the banquette during a Zoom doctoral class- needed a little pistachio snack, sustenance for all this writing.
Between the time it took to grab a few pistachios and my return, Judge wiggled under the table and positioned himself in perfect proximity- he patiently awaited my return.
My stealthy, determined friend, (who by the way, was trying all night to accomplish this very feat captured in this post), achieved his goal.
Who says, “No dogs on the banquette?” Well, I did.
Until, I didn’t.
I rely on Judge. I want and need him around. What’s to say that Judge doesn’t feel the same wants and needs sometimes? Actions speak louder than words, and for that very reason, Judge can hop-on-up, any time.
And yes, this goes for Daisy too. She just had better things to do, like thrust a clean pair of socks, rolled tight, up in the air and catch it about 100 times. Needless to say, those socks went back into the wash.
Empathic Paws 