animal assisted therapies

Honoring the Legacy: Ensuring Continuity in School Therapy Dog Programs

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In a school setting, therapy animals can become cornerstones of the emotional support system for students and the learning community at large (Maricevic, 2022). Whether helping a student cope with anxiety, providing comfort during stressful academic periods, or serving as a calming presence in the classroom, therapy animals form deep therapeutic connections with the people around them in the school setting (Maricevic, 2022).

Sadly, earlier this week, a colleague shared news of the sudden passing of a therapy dog at her child’s middle school. My colleague shared how profoundly this loss impacted her child and the community, as many students relied on the therapy dog for comfort and emotional stability. While shared anecdotally, I learned parents expressed how devastated their children were, followed by their immediate desire to reach out to the school leadership to inquire about ways students would be supported–all highlighting the critical role the therapy dog played in the daily school life.

When a therapy animal becomes unavailable due to illness, retirement, or passing, students who rely on the animal for emotional stability can feel its absence deeply. Younger children, or neurodivergent learners, may struggle to understand why the animal is no longer present, while older students may experience anxiety, loss, or disengagement from the norms established with the help of therapy animals.

To maintain continuity and support for all stakeholders, schools need contingency plans for a therapy animal’s absence (Maricevic, 2022). Preparing students gradually for the possibility that therapy animals may not always be present is crucial, much like teaching resilience in other areas of life. Having other support systems—such as school counselors, peers, substitute therapy interventions, or on-call therapy dog teams—helps to heal the heartache. Schools can also consider honoring the animal upon retirement, or when the time comes to cross “The Rainbow Bridge,” helping students process their emotions.

The Human Factor

The loss of a therapy animal or handler should never be a reason to discontinue a program or cause a school to question its implementation. To say the bond between students and therapy animals are strong would be an understatement, so structured plans must address these inevitable life events. This could involve training a backup handler, having another therapy dog available, or providing grief support for students and the learning community (Maricevic, 2022).

In my research, participants frequently highlighted the need to plan not only for the therapy dog’s absence but also for the handler’s unexpected departure from their role (Maricevic, 2022). Participants emphasized the importance of protocols for the long-term sustainability of therapy dog programs and the consequences of not having a plan in place for this very scenario where either the dog or handler might be unavailable due to illness, injury, or unforeseen circumstances (Maricevic, 2022).

Of course, addressing the human side of the therapy dog team is important; handlers are often the bridge between the animal and the students, and their presence is crucial to the program’s success (Maricevic, 2022). Schools must be prepared to transition the handler’s role smoothly to maintain the relationships fostered through the therapy animal, while also understanding the possibility that, if a handler is no longer able to be part of the team, it may impact whether the therapy dog can continue in the learning community (Maricevic, 2022).

Such a scenario emerged in my research: after the sudden passing of a beloved teacher who was also the owner and handler of the school’s therapy dog, the family chose not to continue bringing the dog to school (Maricevic, 2022). It was a “big ask” on the part of the school to inquire if the family would be willing to still bring the dog to school to continue its positive impact, even after the loss of their matriarch (Maricevic, 2022). After careful consideration, the family couldn’t emotionally commit to such a responsibility, nor did they want to have someone else take responsibility for their dog’s daily care and well-being, (Maricevic, 2022). Understandable. Not to mention, such a shift might have been traumatic for the dog, who could’ve struggled to adapt to a new handler under such a stressful time, unless they were trained to interact with multiple people during the school day (Maricevic, 2022). 

Planning ahead ensures that therapy dogs and handlers remain integral parts of the school community (Maricevic, 2022). By developing clear protocols, schools can ensure that these essential relationships continue to thrive, even through transitions or losses (Maricevic, 2022).

Honor the Impact, Carry On the Mission

No one likes to consider the possibility of a therapy animal abruptly leaving a school or a handler becoming unavailable, but it’s important to emphasize that, in such situations, the solution isn’t about “replacing” a cherished member of the therapy team, regardless of the reason for their departure. Therapy animal teams are irreplaceable and beloved parts of the school, and their contributions are deeply felt by students and staff alike. However, for the greater good of the learning community and the long-term sustainability of the program, planning for these realities is “a must.”

By shifting the policy focus from preparing for an untimely event to policy language centered around ensuring the next team carries on the therapy animal program in honor of their years of service, schools can ensure that transitions are respectful and positive. Such a perspective remains true to following in the therapy dog’s paw prints, continuing the meaningful work they began, and preserving their spirit in every comforting moment shared with students. Decide on an empathic approach to honor the legacy of the therapy team while allowing the program to continue providing the emotional support the learning community needs. By being proactive, schools can safeguard the stability and warmth of animal assisted therapy interventions, ensuring they remain a source of comfort, even through the most challenging transitions.

Restoring Comfort: Advocating for the Return of a Therapy Dog Program

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Photo by Helena Lopes on Pexels.com

Just the other day, I received a message from an educator in a current leadership position. In the message, the school leader expressed frustration and confusion over the abrupt discontinuation of a beloved therapy dog program at their school. This decision, a result from a change in district regulations, now prohibits employees from bringing therapy dogs into the school, and many in the learning community are disheartened. It is the educator’s belief that the therapy dog program was a vital source of comfort and emotional support, fostered positive connections and contributed to a supportive school culture for the faculty, staff and student body as a whole.

Which is why I was then brought to wonder about the original policy language prior to the regulatory change for the 2024-2025 school year and why such a change would occur: What explicit language existed in district’ policy regarding therapy dogs before this decision? Was there any formal language at all? Could it be that the therapy dog program was running under an unspoken understanding rather than an official framework?

Policy isn’t necessarily a “bad thing,” for without formal guidelines, such programs can easily grow unchecked, potentially leading to conflicts—especially if there was an increase in the number of dogs coming to school, concerns about certification, or misunderstandings about what constitutes a legitimate therapy dog. The absence of a clear policy on therapy dogs may have allowed the program to grow naturally. However, this lack of structure could have led to unforeseen issues, ultimately contributing to the decision to end the program.

Having said that, while the regulatory change in the educator’s school poses a significant challenge, it doesn’t have to mean the end of the therapy dog program altogether. In the absence of a clear explanation, it’s essential to propose thoughtful solutions to address the concerns of stakeholders while advocating for the reinstatement of the therapy dog program. Below, I outline several considerations for the educator—and others impacted by similar policy shifts—to navigate the current situation with the hopes of reinstating a revised therapy dog program to meet the needs of all stakeholders.

The Role of Unspoken Understandings

When therapy dog programs aren’t codified into official district policy, they may rely on informal arrangements or personal agreements (Maricevic, 2022). In some cases, administrators may allow other school leaders, teachers or staff to bring certified therapy dogs without objection, trusting the intentions of the program (Maricevic, 2022). But without written guidelines, inconsistencies and confusion can arise, which may have contributed to the recent decision to prohibit therapy dogs altogether for the school leader. 

Now, if there were concerns about the number of dogs on campus, questions about certifications, or uncertainty around how to manage liability, any one of these issues—or all of them—could have prompted the district to take a blanket approach and halt the program. In either scenario, the issue comes back to the need for clear policy to ensure the viability of any programmatic addition, with the goal of sustaining a long-term impact on the learning community—especially if that program includes therapy dogs (Maricevic, 2022).

Schools with transparent policies, can foster a supportive environment where therapy dogs, or any programmatic enhancements to the wellness and learning of students, can thrive as valuable resources, ensuring that their benefits are accessible to all students and staff while minimizing potential conflicts or concerns. Without clear, formal guidelines, programs can become vulnerable to misunderstandings and inconsistencies that ultimately jeopardize their effectiveness and long term sustainability within the organization (Maricevic, 2022).

Establishing a comprehensive policy framework would not only provide a solid foundation for the program but also clarify roles, responsibilities, and expectations for all parties involved (Maricevic, 2022). Ultimately, a well-defined policy will help safeguard the educator’s therapy dog program’s integrity and reinforce its positive impact on the school community (Maricevic, 2022). 

Certification Confusion: Therapy Dogs vs. Emotional Support Dogs

Another layer of complexity is the widespread misunderstanding between therapy dogs and emotional support animals (ESAs), particularly when it comes to certification. This confusion can create legal and logistical issues, making it difficult to establish a program that complies with district policies.

First and foremost, it’s important to clarify that there is no formal “certification” for emotional support dogs. ESAs are animals that provide comfort and emotional support to individuals with mental health challenges, but they are not trained to perform specific tasks like service dogs. There’s no official certification for ESAs, and they do not have the same legal rights as service animals.

On the other hand, therapy dogs are specifically trained and certified to provide comfort in settings like schools, hospitals, and nursing homes (Maricevic, 2022). These animals are often part of structured programs, with certification from reputable organizations like Alliance of Therapy Dogs, Pet Partners, and The Good Dog Foundation.

The Problem with Therapy Dog Certifications

Unfortunately, not all organizations that claim to certify therapy dogs are legitimate. Some companies exploit loopholes, offering quick and easy certifications bypassing the necessary training or certification assessment. Such unethical practices can undermine the credibility of therapy dog programs and cause confusion in school districts trying to maintain appropriate standards.

In the case of this educator’s dilemma, if the district encountered concerns about the legitimacy of the certifications held by therapy dogs on campus,such a concern could have triggered the decision to halt the existing therapy dog program. Without clear guidelines or a trusted certification process in place, district leadership may have felt the risks—whether related to liability, safety, or standards—outweighed the benefits. To ensure the program’s legitimacy and effectiveness, schools must establish clear guidelines that require certification only from trusted, reputable organizations, like those presented above (Maricevic, 2022).

Moving Forward: Addressing Policy Gaps and Certification Concerns

To advocate for the reinstatement of the therapy dog program, the educator must first address these potential gaps. Maybe start a conversation with key stakeholders, follow the dialogue with a collaborative review of the district’s policy language (or lack thereof) and discuss additional language to formalize clear guidelines around the use of therapy dogs in schools. Here’s how this educator can approach the current situation:

  1. Review the Old Policy (or Unspoken Understanding): If the program previously operated without formal policy, it’s time to work with district leadership to establish clear guidelines. This would ensure that any future therapy dog program operates within a well-defined framework, preventing misunderstandings or unchecked growth (Maricevic, 2022).
  2. Ensure Proper Certification: Address concerns about certifications by only working with well-established, reputable organizations that train and certify therapy dogs according to recognized standards (Maricevic, 2022). Research and recommend organizations that adhere to the highest levels of training, evaluation, and insurance, helping the district feel more confident in the legitimacy of the program (Maricevic, 2022).
  3. Clarify the Difference Between Therapy Dogs and ESAs: Educate both staff and district leadership on the key distinctions between therapy dogs and emotional support animals. Emphasize that while ESAs provide comfort, they are not part of structured therapy programs, nor do they have certification or training requirements. Therapy dogs, on the other hand, must undergo rigorous training and certification to operate in school settings (Maricevic, 2022).
  4. Propose a Pilot Program with Clear Oversight: If the primary concerns are related to certification and management, propose reinstating the program as a small pilot with stringent guidelines. Start by bringing in one or two certified therapy dogs through reputable organizations during designated times throughout the school year (i.e. Wellness Day, midterms, finals, etc) with clear oversight and documentation. This approach may help ease district concerns while demonstrating the value of the therapy dog in the high school setting.

Bridge the Gap Between Intention and Implementation

The abrupt end of this educator’s therapy dog program highlights the importance of having clear, well-structured policies in place for any school or district initiative’s longterm sustainability. Without them, even well-intentioned programs can become vulnerable to mismanagement, confusion, and abrupt decisions like the one that occurred in this example. By examining the district’s language around therapy dogs, clearing up misunderstandings around certification, and other inconsistencies within the established protocol, this educator, and others who might find themselves in a similar scenario, can build a stronger case for reinstating the program in a way that benefits everyone—students, staff, and dogs alike.

Never Gonna Give You Up: What Dogs and Rick Astley Teach Us About Loyalty and Human Connection

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Judge, Bud, Daisy, & Bravo | National Dog Day • August 26th, 2024

Loyalty is a rare and invaluable trait—a kind of dedication we often seek in our human relationships but one that is lived out daily by our four-legged companions. When I captured the above smiling faces of Judge, Daisy, Bravo, and Bud, they immediately offered a powerful reminder of what true loyalty looks like and what we, as humans, can learn from our furry friends. It was in that moment that Rick Astley’s iconic song Never Gonna Give You Up began playing in my mind, its lyrics perfectly mirroring my pack’s unwavering commitment—a promise to never let me or our family down.

Dogs and the Art of Commitment

Astley’s song became an anthem of 1980s pop music not only for its catchy beat but also because it speaks to a timeless truth: genuine loyalty doesn’t falter. It’s safe to say dogs understand this truth instinctively because they:

  • Aren’t driven by obligation or social expectation; they are loyal because they choose to be.
  • Show up every day, no matter what.
  • Greet you at the door, excited to see you, even if you’ve had a bad day.
  • Remain unwavering in their loyalty.

For dogs, there are no conditions to which their commitment is contingent—it’s a steadfast bond rooted in love and trust that remains unshakeable, no matter the circumstances. In contrast, human relationships often hinge on conditions. Friendships, partnerships, and even family bonds can strain when circumstances change. But a dog’s commitment doesn’t work that way; they remain present. Just as Astley promises, “Never gonna let you down,” dogs demonstrate a loyalty that doesn’t just weather storms—they stare down the turbulence, remaining steadfast by your side.

Learning from a Dog’s Loyalty: What If?

Too often, human relationships falter because we set conditions for our loyalty. We withdraw when things get hard or when someone doesn’t meet our expectations. Dogs, on the other hand, don’t play by those rules. They are all in, every day, whether it’s a good one or not. Dogs live by example, and their example is a lesson in showing up, even when life isn’t perfect—especially when it isn’t. Take Astley’s line, “Never gonna run around and desert you.” Those words aren’t just a promise; they’re a commitment to show up, regardless of the challenges.

What if we approached our human relationships with the same kind of loyalty that dogs demonstrate on our best days, worst days, and every day in between? If we were as consistent in our support, our affection, and our willingness to be there for each other, we could deepen those connections. Dogs don’t wait for the perfect moment to offer love—they do it without hesitation, so why can’t we?

The Power of Consistency

Consistency is another hallmark of a dog’s loyalty. Dogs don’t just offer love in the big moments; they show love in the everyday, in the simple moments of routine, and they love hard. Whether it’s sitting by your feet as you work away at the computer (like Judge is doing right at this very moment as I type) or greeting you with excitement every morning like clockwork (cough, cough—BUD), their presence is constant, genuine, and motivated by love.

In Astley’s song, the repeated refrain drives home the importance of consistency: “Never gonna give you up, never gonna let you down.” These aren’t just words; they represent a commitment to consistency, much like the loyalty dogs provide us every day. It’s in that consistency that trust and depth in relationships grow. Dogs are there for you, even when you may not feel like you deserve such unconditional love—but believe me, you do. The human-animal relationship, along with Astley’s lyrics, provides a humbling lesson: to offer loyalty and love consistently—not just when it’s easy or convenient—and to recognize that you deserve such unconditional treatment, whether it comes from a dog or another human.

Dogs Don’t Give Up—Neither Should We

When I look at this image, or any image, of Judge, Daisy, Bravo, and Bud, I see such happy dogs and a powerful reflection of loyalty in action. Dogs live out the core message of Never Gonna Give You Up without even trying, teaching us that loyalty isn’t just about grand gestures; it’s about being present through the everyday ups and downs.

You see, dogs don’t give up on their people, no matter what. It’s often the people who give up on dogs and on each other, and it’s time for that to change. This is why humans have much to learn from our canine companions. We could:

  • Strengthen our relationships—whether romantic, familial, or platonic—by showing the same level of devotion.
  • Stay the course—just as dogs do, day after day, with nothing more than a wagging tail and the quiet assurance that they will always be there.

So, the next time you listen to Rick Astley’s Never Gonna Give You Up, think beyond the music. Then, reflect on the lessons from those unconventional teachers—dogs—and the invaluable lessons they teach us every day about loyalty. It’s a reminder to show up, stay consistent, and offer our support and love, unconditionally.

Just like Judge, Daisy, Bravo, and Bud, we all have the capacity to live out that promise, and if this motley crew can do it, so can you. There’s no better time than the present to simply follow their lead.

From Wellness Days to Therapy Dogs: Building a Healthier School Culture for the 21st Century

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The concept of a school wellness initiative isn’t new; it has been a growing focus for many years among administrators, faculty, staff, and students as schools increasingly recognize the link between student health and academic success. For instance, in their 1991 article “Schoolsite Health Promotion: Establishing a Wellness Culture in Gwinnett County, Georgia,” David M. Hayes and Leslie F. Lambert discussed creating a wellness culture during a time when health promotion was becoming integrated into educational settings. Hayes and Lambert (1991) highlighted the importance of supporting students’ physical, mental, and emotional health to improve both well-being and academic outcomes. While this was a forward-thinking approach at the time, today’s landscape reveals that the need for such programs are even more urgent, as new challenges further reinforce the importance of comprehensive wellness initiatives in schools.

The Wellness Culture: Then and Now

In Gwinnett County, the health promotion programs aimed to build a comprehensive wellness culture focused on physical fitness, nutrition, and mental health (Hayes and Lambert, 1991). These efforts responded to concerns about childhood obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and rising stress among students (Hayes and Lambert, 1991). The goal was to create an environment where students could thrive physically and academically. While these initiatives successfully addressed student health issues at the time, the challenges highlighted in 1991 have only intensified, emphasizing the need for expanded wellness efforts.

Which brings one to wonder, if a 1991 wellness initiative was effective for the teens of Gwinnett County, wouldn’t a similar program benefit today’s teens? Absolutely! The adolescents of 1991 and 2024 face similar challenges—until they don’t. Today’s students contend with added pressures attached to increased technology use, social media, competitive academic environment, and the ongoing mental health crises exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. It’s safe to conclude that the need for robust wellness initiatives in high schools has never been greater.

There is no harm in acknowledging the heightened need for sustained wellness programs, but to ignore the glaring evidence of its existence is a disservice to 21st-century learners. Students today face traditional adolescent stressors as well as the long-term effects of isolation and disrupted learning environments. Anxiety, depression, and other mental health concerns have surged, and schools must prioritize mental health with the same urgency as academics and athletics.

Expanding Wellness Programs to Meet Current Needs

While the program highlighted in Hayes and Lambert’s (1991) article laid the foundation for integrating physical fitness and mental health initiatives, today’s schools must adopt even more comprehensive approaches. A Wellness Day is an excellent starting point to emphasize emotional health, with the long-term goal of evolving this one-day initiative into ongoing support systems to address the whole students’ needs on the daily.

The Importance of Prioritizing Wellness in High Schools

Schools that prioritize emotional wellness send a powerful message: emotional health is just as important as academic achievement. And for high schools that have yet to implement a Wellness Day, now is the time to consider the lasting positive impact such an initiative can have on the learning environment. A day dedicated to mental health—through activities like meditation, art therapy, nature walks, or interacting with therapy dogs—offers a much-needed break from students’ regular routines.

Here’s some more good news attached to a school’s Wellness Day! A Wellness Day doesn’t have to be a standalone event. A Wellness Day can serve as a gateway to broader, ongoing wellness programs and one such program could be the inclusion of therapy dogs. Beyond the immediate benefits of stress relief and emotional support, a Wellness Day could introduce students to the long-term advantages of a therapy dog program, creating lasting improvements in their well-being.

The Impact of Therapy Dogs on Student Well-Being

The benefits of therapy dogs in schools are well-documented. Numerous studies have shown that providing students with an opportunity to interact with therapy dogs can reduce anxiety, lower stress, and improve overall mood (Maricevic, 2022). This is due in part to the therapy dogs ability to provide a calming presence, helping students feel more at ease in stressful environments, or as they manage invisible traumas (Maricevic, 2022). More good news attached to the presence of therapy dogs in the high school setting! Therapy dogs don’t just help students with specific needs—they offer support to anyone feeling overwhelmed, whether from exams, social difficulties, or other stressors, discretely and in a non-judgmental manner (Maricevic, 2022).

By incorporating therapy dogs into a Wellness Day, schools can introduce students and staff to the positive effects of animal-assisted therapy programs, potentially paving the way for a permanent addition of such support systems in schools.

Moving Toward a Wellness-Focused School Culture

For schools seeking to strengthen their commitment to student well-being, starting with a Wellness Day is a simple yet impactful first step. But it doesn’t have to stop there. By exploring the benefits of therapy dogs during a Wellness Day event, schools can build a wellness-focused culture that extends beyond a single day. A therapy dog program can offer continuous support for students, with therapy dogs available in counseling offices, classrooms, or even libraries, creating a more nurturing environment year-round.

While implementing a therapy dog program requires planning and collaboration, the potential benefits make it well worth the effort. Schools can partner with local therapy dog organizations or work with faculty and staff members who might have extensive training as a certified therapy dog handlers to ensure the program’s success.

The Need Remains

Ultimately, creating space for emotional wellness in high schools is not just a trend—it’s an investment in students’ futures. The article by Hayes and Lambert (1991) reflected a critical moment in the promotion of school wellness, but the need for wellness programs has only grown since the early 1990s. Today’s students face more complex mental health challenges, and schools must continue to prioritize student wellness by expanding programs to include initiatives like therapy dogs and sustained emotional support. The wellness culture envisioned in the 90s must now evolve to meet current needs, ensuring that schools remain spaces where students’ mental, emotional, and physical health are valued as much as academic success. By fostering an innovative wellness culture that prioritizes holistic health, schools can create a supportive environment where high school students are equipped to face both academic and personal challenges with resilience and confidence.

Kudos to those high schools making it happen.